Grounding rods are a crucial component of any electric fence system. They are responsible for completing the electrical circuit and allowing the charge to pass through the animal's body and into the soil. Without proper grounding, an electric fence will not perform at its maximum potential and may not be able to contain livestock or keep predators out.
When determining the proper grounding for an electric fence, there are three main factors to consider: the output capacity of the energizer, the conductivity of the soil, and the type of livestock or predators being controlled. The larger the output of the charger, the more grounding rods will be needed. A general rule is to install a minimum of 3 feet of ground rod per joule of output capacity. For example, a 15 joule fence charger will require a minimum of 45 feet of ground rod.
It is important to note that the grounding rods must be installed at least 10 feet apart from each other and in the lower and wetter areas of the ground for optimal performance. Grounding rods are typically made from galvanized steel or copper, and it is important to use wire that is identical to the rod to minimize reduction of performance from electrolysis.
Sandy or rocky soils are not as conductive as loamy soils, so systems installed on these types of soils may need to be an earth return type of grounding system. An earth return system is one in which alternate wires in the fence are utilized as ground wires. Charged wires on a system need to be connected back to the output connector on the energizer and earth ground non-charged wires need to be either connected back to the ground terminal on the charger, or connected to ground rods in the fence lines.
Experience at Michigan State University’s Lake City Research Center has shown that it is better to place ground rods that are in sandier soils below roof eves on buildings to get the maximum amount of moisture possible. The depth of the rod also makes a big difference, as on dry years, rods that are in the ground 10 feet or more may have trouble functioning properly.
Sheep or goats are typically controlled better by earth grounded systems, whereas all other livestock can generally be controlled without the use of the earth ground system, provided the soil isn’t sandy, rocky, or extremely dry.
When you wire your electric horse fence, always electrify the top strand. The strand that’s below that should be a ground wire. Beyond that, add and electrify strands according your containment needs – three for mares and geldings and up to five for stallions.
Properly grounding an electric fence is essential in keeping the fence in good working order. Without proper grounding, the fence will not shock an animal when the animal bumps up against part of the fence. It is important to ensure that the output capacity of the energizer, conductivity of the soil, and the type of livestock or predators being controlled are taken into consideration when determining the proper grounding for an electric fence. By following these guidelines and properly grounding an electric fence, you can ensure that your fence will perform at its maximum potential and keep your livestock and predators where they belong.
